3.14 Thermodynamic Contacts: The isolated system


PIC

S2: The world
No interactions with S2:

  • fixed volume \(V\)

  • fixed particle number \(N\)

  • fixed energy \(U\)


Established by the system:

  • \(p\): pressure

  • \(T\): temperature

  • \(\mu\): chemical potential

Thermodynamic equilibrium: no changes in time \(\Rightarrow\) State\((V,N,U)\)
Example: two kinds of atoms: \(N_{A}, N_{B}\) in an isolated closed chamber; chemical reactions are allowed, e.g. 2A \(\rightarrow\) B
\(\mu_{A}, \mu_{B}, p, T\) will change as a function of time.
More examples:

  • the universe

  • our sun system

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© J. Carstensen (TD Kin I)