General
Topics |
Team | Assistant | Date |
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Recommended Topics will be marked in Red | ||||||
1. Introduction | ||||||
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Semiconductor Products and Materials | |||||
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Give a general review | |||||
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Cover present products
and their dependence on certain semiconducting properties Find some useful order criteria - either by material properties or by applications |
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Cover emerging products
and technologies Give a list of desirable properties that have not yet been obtained - the present research issues! |
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2. Basic Semiconductor Physics | ||||||
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Limits and Scaling | |||||
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Generate or improve upon the basic content of chapter 3.3 | |||||
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Discuss limits, e.g. leakage currents, degeneration for doping, maximum life time, tunneling in the semiconductor and through layers, avalanche break-through, ...; whereever possible with some theory. | |||||
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Describe what happens if everything is scaled down, which kinds of limits from above are critical for scaling, and new limits that may appear at small dimensions. | |||||
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Experimental Methods for Measuring Band Structures | |||||
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List and discuss major methods. | |||||
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Compare relative merits and shortcomings. | |||||
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Give some special results. | |||||
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Calculations of Band Structures | |||||
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Give a general review of the different methods. | |||||
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Compare relative merits and shortcomings. | |||||
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Give some special results. | |||||
3. Silicon: General Properties and Technologies | ||||||
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Thin Film Si Solar Cells | |||||
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Amorphous Si, but essentially "thin" crystal. Si. | |||||
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Discuss developments, pro and cons, new ideas. | |||||
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Technical Diodes | |||||
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Describe the specialities of important technical diodes (tunnel diodes, varactors, fast recovery diodes, Gunn diode, IMPATT diodes, Zener diode, solar cells, ...). | |||||
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Point out where and how you have to go into material parameters and technology to achieve the desired result | |||||
4. Silicon: Special Properties and Emerging Technologies | ||||||
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SOI - Methods for Wafer Production | |||||
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Discuss the
basic concept and the possible advantages Overview Nov. 02 |
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Discuss the various methods to produce SOI wafers, give pro and cons. | |||||
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State of the art, outlook | |||||
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SOI - Product and Technologies | |||||
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Discuss possible products, pro and cons | |||||
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Compare process flow for some examples; show improvement | |||||
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Discuss special applications, e.g. MEMS | |||||
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High k Dielectrics | |||||
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Why? Overview Nov. 02 |
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What and How | |||||
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Micromechanics and Microsystems | |||||
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Basic concepts Optical MEMS |
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Key technologies | |||||
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Key products, process integration, markets | |||||
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Wafer Bonding | |||||
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Principles, Methods, Applications | |||||
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Optical Applications of Porous Silicon | |||||
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Introduce porous Si and its optical properties | |||||
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Discuss and systemize a range of applications (Waveguide, Bragg reflector, photonic crystals, sensors, ...) | |||||
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Photonic Crystals and Semiconductors | |||||
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Introduce the concept of photonic crystals | |||||
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Basic theory, especially the differences to electrons in semiconductors | |||||
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Review attempts to produce photonic crystals with semiconductors | |||||
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Luminous Silicon | |||||
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Elucidate current developments: Prevent defect recombination, Erbium doping, Si Nanocrystals, microporous Si, "spark" - processed Si, ... | |||||
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Discuss possible mechanisms, possibilities, pro and cons. | |||||
6. Basic Laser | ||||||
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New Developments in Laser Techology | |||||
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Present several special
developments, e.g. VCSEL's, Quantum Cascade Lasers GRINSCH Lasers, Blue (GaN) Lasers,... |
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Discuss Advantages - Disadvantages; problems, state of the art, Specialites,.. | |||||
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With respect to, wavelength, power, tunablitiy, ... | |||||
7. LE Devices | ||||||
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LED instead of Lightbulbs | |||||
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Present the issue, argue the pros and cons of both light sources | |||||
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Discuss the necessities for economical success | |||||
8. Speed
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"Fast" Silicon | |||||
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Present modern developments for fast Si devices, e.g. | |||||
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Si - Ge, "Strained" Si, Si - C, low e and r (and of course device size). | |||||
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Discuss state of the art, pro and cons. | |||||
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HEMT | |||||
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Present the HEMT concept | |||||
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Discuss possibilites, limitations, state of the art. | |||||
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Discuss key technologies. | |||||
10. Specialities | ||||||
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Semiconducting Polymers Literature: J. Mater. Res. Vol. 19, No 7, July 2004 |
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First presentation: General | |||||
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Give short history, theory and chemistry. Scientifc details, ... | |||||
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Second presentation: Organic Solar Cells | |||||
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Basics, state of the art and outlook | |||||
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Third presentation: Organic ICs | |||||
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How to make them (cheaply), applications e.g. RFID | |||||
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Silicon Carbide (SiC) | |||||
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1. Discuss the basic properties
of the material Crystal growth, defects, material issues. |
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2. Applications, SiC devices, special technologies, state of the art, outlook | |||||
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Non-Silicon Solar Cells | |||||
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Focus on CuInSe2 and related materials | |||||
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Give properties of materials and specifics of technology | |||||
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Discuss related materials, pro and cons, e.g. HgCdTe2 | |||||
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Discuss the role of crystal lattice defects and of hydrogen passivation | |||||
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Liquid Semiconductors | |||||
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Define the term | |||||
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Give examples, relate to amorphous semiconductors | |||||
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Discuss uses | |||||
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Peltier Elements and Thermoelectric Generators | |||||
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Provide simple theory | |||||
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Discuss desirable material properties; give efficiencies etc. | |||||
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Discuss existing products and technologies, give outlook. | |||||
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Liquid - semiconductor junctions | |||||
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Theory of junction | |||||
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Some practical examples (Si-HF system) | |||||
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Team | Assistant
General: Dr. Riemenschneider |
Date |
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Solar Cell Topics
Basic Literature |
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Markets Technologies, Companies - an Overview | |||||
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Solar Energy - what we get, we can use. | |||||
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Humans and Energy: Where it comes from, how much we use, where we are headed. | |||||
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Prices of Energy | |||||
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Solar Cells - History, where it is headed | |||||
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Literature:
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Basic Principles of Solar Cells and Solar Cell Moduls | |||||
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Basics: IV, efficiency , fill factor, etc.. Essential material parameters (doping, life time, absorption,...). Add series resistance, add parallel resistance; discuss. Temperature dependence of efficiency etc. | |||||
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Equivalent circuits, local variations of parameter. | |||||
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Making Moduls. Problem of series resistance, shadowing | |||||
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Literature: | |||||
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Crystaline Silicon Solar Cells | |||||
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Monocrystalline high-efficiency cells. Mass product vs. world record winners. n- vs. p-doping. | |||||
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Polycrystalline Cells. Making poly, making cells. Si shortage problem | |||||
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Sliver Cells and other specialities. | |||||
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Literature: | |||||
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The CIS Family | |||||
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CuInSe2and related materials. What makes them special? | |||||
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Give properties of materials and specifics of technology; Sputtering vs. CVD? | |||||
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Specifics of technology: Series connection, stability, ... | |||||
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Discuss the role of crystal lattice defects and of hydrogen passivation2 | |||||
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Discuss related materials, pro and cons, e.g. HgCdTe systems | |||||
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Literature: | |||||
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Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Thin-Film Si Solar Cells | |||||
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Discuss amorphous Si cells. What went wrong? | |||||
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New developments. "Thin" and "Thick" Thin-Film cells. | |||||
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Potential and specifics | |||||
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Literature: | |||||
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Tandem Cell, "Nano Cells and Exotica | |||||
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Discuss tandem principle | |||||
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Examples for tandem cell development | |||||
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State of the art, potential for future | |||||
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New concepts with e.g. nanodots | |||||
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Literature: | |||||
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Characterization Techniques | |||||
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Characterizing a finished solar cell. Doing it with local information. Doing it in 1 s. | |||||
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Characterizing materials (e.g. poly Si wafers or CIS layers). Which parameters are important? How to measure? How to predict the quality of cells made with the material? | |||||
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Characterizing modules. Give some specific problems. |
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